Education

Research Experience

Research Interests

Developing mass spectrometric tools for sequencing and quantitating glycosaminglycans; studying the structural motifs on glycans and proteins for their specific binding; discovering and evaluating heparin and other carbohydrate and protein drugs.

Representative Publications

PUBLICATIONS

[1] A. Sheng, Q. Chen, M. Yu, R. Xiao, T. Zhang, Z. Wang, R. J. Linhardt, X. Sun*, L. Jin*,L. Chi*, Coupling liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to electrophoresis for in-depth analysis of glycosaminoglycan drugs: Heparin and the Multicomponent Sulodexide,Analytical Chemistry, 2021,93, 1433-1442.

[2] B. Zhang,L. Chi*,Chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate-protein interactions and their biological functions in human diseases: implications and analytical tools,Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 2021, 9, 693563.

[3] D. Shi, A. Sheng,L. Chi*, Glycosaminoglycan-protein interactions and their roles in human disease,Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 2021, 8, 639666.

[4] Q. Zhang, H. Cao, L. Wei, D. Lu, M. Du, M. Yuan, D. Shi, X. Chen, P. Wang, X. Chen,L. Chi, Y. Zhang, F. Li, Discovery of exolytic heparinases and their catalytic mechanism and potential application,Nature Communications, 2021, 12, 1263.

[5] Q. Guo, J. Gao, X. Wang, X. Yin, S. Zhang, X. Li,L. Chi, X. Zhou, Z. Wang, Q. Zhang, RNA-binding protein MSI2 binds to miR-301a-3p and facilitates its distribution in mitochondria of endothelial cells,Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 2021, 7, 609828.

[6] D. Bi, L. Yao, Z. Lin,L. Chi, H. Li, H. Xu, X. Du, Q. Liu, Z. Hu, J. Lu*, X. Xu*,Unsaturated mannuronate oligosaccharide amelioratesβ-amyloid pathology through autophagy in Alzheimer’s disease cell models,Carbohydrate Polymers, 2021, 251, 117124.

[7] H. Qiu, L. Jin, J. Chen, M. Shi, F. Shi, M. Wang, D. Li, X. Xu, X. Su, X. Yin, W. Li, X. Zhou, R. J. Linhardt, Z. Wang,L. Chi*, Q. Zhang*, Comprehensive glycomic analysis reveals that human serum albumin glycation specifically affects the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of different anticoagulant drugs in diabetes,Diabetes,2020, 69, 760-770.

[8] L. Ding, S. Xie, S. Zhang, H. Shen, H. Zhong, D. Li, P. Shi*,L. Chi*, Q. Zhang*, Delayed comparison and Apriori algorithm (DCAA): a tool for discovering protein-protein interactions from time-series phosphoproteomic data,Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 2020, 7, 606570.

[9] T. Zhang, S. Xie, Z. Wang, R. Zhang, X. Liu,L. Chi, J. Li*, H. Li*, T. Tan*,Oligosaccharides Mapping of Nitrous Acid Degraded Heparin through UHPLC-HILIC/WAX-MS,Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020, 231, 115695.

[10] Y. Liu, W. Xie, M. Chi, H. Wen, L. Zhao, Y. Song, N. Liu,L. Chi, Z. Wang*,Mutations in the HRB linker ofhumanparainfluenzavirustype 3fusionproteinreveal itsimportance forfusionactivity,Virus Research,2020, 275,197791.

[11] Y.Liu,M.Chi,H.Wen,L.Zhao,Y.Song,N.Liu,L.Chi,Z.Wang*,The DI-DII linker of human parainfluenza virus type 3 fusion protein is critical for the virus,Virus Genes, 2020, 56, 37-48.

[12] M.Chi,Y.Liu,H.Wen,L.Zhao,Y.Song,N.Liu,L.Chi,Z*.Wang,Role of the head-stalk linker region (aa115-122) of Newcastle disease virus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase in regulating fusion triggering,Journal of General Virology, 2020, 101, 5-20.

[13] X.Xu, H. Qiu, F. Shi, Z. Wang, X. Wang, L. Jin,L. Chi*, Q. Zhang*,The protein S-nitrosylation of splicing and translational machinery in vascular endothelial cells is susceptible to oxidative stress induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein,Journal of Proteomics, 2019, 195,11-22.

[14] J. Ye, H. Xia, N. Sun, C. Liu, A. Sheng,L. Chi, X. Liu, G. Gu, S. Wang, J. Zhao, P.Wang, M. Xiao, F. Wang H. Cao*,Reprogramming the enzymatic assembly line for site-specific fucosylation,Nature Catalysis, 2019,2, 514-522.

[15] M.Chi,W.Xie,Y.Liu,C.Zhang,Y.Liu,H.Wen,L.Zhao,Y.Song,N.Liu,L.Chi,Z.Wang*,Conserved amino acids around the DIII-DI linker region of the Newcastle disease virus fusion protein are critical for protein folding and fusion activity. BioScience Trends, 2019,13,225-233.

[16] M.Chi,W.Xie,Y.Liu,H.Wen,L.Zhao,Y.Song,N.Liu,L.Chi,Z.Wang*,Mutations in the DI-DII linker of the NDV fusion protein conferred hemagglutinin-neuraminidase-independent cell fusion promotion,Journal of General Virology, 2019, 100,958-967.

[17] T. Zhang, X. Liu, H. Li, Z. Wang,L. Chi, J. Li, T. Tan*,Characterization of epimerization and composition of heparin and dalteparin using a UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method,Carbohydrate Polymers, 2019, 203, 87-94.

[18] Z. Wang, T. Zhang, S. Xie, X. Liu, H. Li, R.J. Linhardt,L. Chi*,Sequencing the oligosaccharide pool in the low molecular weight heparin dalteparin with offline HPLC and ESI-MS/MS,Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, 183, 81-90.

[19] S. Xie, Y. Guan, P. Zhu, F. Li, M. Yu, R.J. Linhardt, L. Chi*, L. Jin*, Preparation of low molecular weight heparins from bovine and ovine heparins using nitrous acid degradation,Carbohydrate Polymers, 2018, 197, 83-91.

[20] Z.Wang, L.Chi*, Recent advances in mass spectrometry analysis of low molecular weight heparins,Chinese Chemical Letters, 2018, 29, 11-18.

[21] X. Liu, D. Krishnamoorthy, L. Lin, P. Xue, F. Zhang,L. Chi, R. J. Linhardt, J. Iatridis*, A method for characterizing human intervertebral disc glycosaminoglycan disaccharides using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring,European Cells & Materials,2018,35,117-131.

[22] J. Jiang, H. Wen, M Chi, Y Liu, J. Liu; Z. Cao, L. Zhao, Y Song, L. Chi, Z. Wang*, Functionalanalysis ofaminoacids atstalk/headinterface ofhumanparainfluenzavirustype 3hemagglutinin-neuraminidaseprotein in themembranefusionprocess,Virus Genes, 2018, 54, 333-342.

[23] J. Yang,L. Chi*,Characterization of structural motifs for interactions between glycosaminoglycans and proteins,Carbohydrate Research, 2017,452,54-63.

[24] X. Sun, Z. Guo*, M. Yu, C. Lin, A, Sheng, Z. Wang, R.J. Linhardt,L. Chi*,Hydrophilic interaction chromatography-multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry method for basic building block analysis of low molecular weight heparins prepared through nitrous acid depolymerization, Journal of Chromatography A, 2017, 1479, 121-128.

[25] X.Liu,K.St Ange,X.Wang,L.Lin,F.Zhang,L.Chi*,R.J.Linhardt*,Parent heparin and daughter LMW heparin correlation analysis using LC-MS and NMR,Analytica Chimica Acta, 2017, 961, 91-99.

[26] X.Liu,K.St Ange,L.Lin,F.Zhang,L.Chi*,R.J.Linhardt*,Top-down and bottom-up analysis of commercial enoxaparins,Journal of Chromatography A, 2017, 1480, 32-40.

[27] X. Li,F. Shi*,L. Gong,B. Hang,D. Li,L. Chi*,Species-specific identification of collagen components in Colla Corii Asini using a nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry proteomics approach,International Journal of Nanomedicine, 2017,12,4443-4454.

[28] L. Lin, X. Liu, F. Zhang,L. Chi, I. J. Amster, F. E. Leach 3rd, Q. Xia, R. J. Linhardt*, Analysis of heparin oligosaccharides by capillary electrophoresis-negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry,Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2017, 409, 411-420.

[29] X. Liu, K. St.Ange, J. Fareed, D. Hoppensteadt, W. Jeske, A. Kouta,L.Chi, C. Jin, Y. Jin, Y. Yao, R. J. Linhardt*, Comparison of low molecular weight heparins prepared from bovine heparins with enoxaparin,Clinical and Applied Thrombosis and Hemostasis,2017,23,542-553.

[30] Z.Wang,P.H.Hsieh,Y.Xu,D.Thieker,E.J.Chai,S.Xie,B.Cooley,R.J.Woods,L.Chi,J.Liu*,Synthesis of 3-O-sulfatedoligosaccharides tounderstand therelationship betweenstructures andfunctions ofheparansulfate,Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2017, 139, 5249-5256.

[31] A.Yang,D.Li,L.Chi,X.Ye*,Validation, identification and biological consequences of the site-specific O-GlcNAcylation dynamics of ChREBP,Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, 2017,16,1233-1243.

[32] X. Sun, A. Sheng, X. Liu, F. Shi, L. Jin, S. Xie, F. Zhang, R. J. Linhardt,L. Chi*, Comprehensive identification and quantitation of basic building blocks for low-molecular weight heparin,Analytical Chemistry, 2016, 88, 7738-7744.

[33] Y. Guan, X. Xu, X. Liu, A. Sheng, L. Jin, R. J. Linhardt,L. Chi*, Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparins prepared from bovine lung heparin and porcine intestine heparin,Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016,105,1843-50.

[34] X. Wang, X. Liu, L. Li, F. Zhang, M. Hu, F. Ren,L. Chi, R. J. Linhardt*, GlycCompSoft: Software for automated comparison of low molecular weight heparins using top-down LC/MS data, Plos One,2016,11,e0167727.

[35] X.Sun,L.Lin,X.Liu,F.Zhang,L.Chi,Q.Xia,R. J.Linhardt*,Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Heparin Oligosaccharides and Low Molecular Weight Heparin,Analytical Chemistry, 2016, 88,1937-1943.

[36] Y.Ren,Y.Min,M.Liu,L.Chi,P.Zhao,X.Zhang*,N-glycosylation-mutated HCV envelope glycoprotein complex enhances antigen-presenting activity and cellular and neutralizing antibody responses,Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,2016, 1860,1764-1775.

[37] D.Li,P.Zhang,F.Li,L.Chi,D.Zhu,Q.Zhang*,L.Chi*,Recognition of N-glycoforms in human chorionic gonadotropin by monoclonal antibodies and their interaction motifs,Journal ofBiological Chemistry,2015,290,22715-22723.

[38] X.Xu,D.Li,L.Chi,X.Du,X.Bai,L.Chi*,Fragment profiling of low molecular weight heparins using reversed phase ion pair liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry,Carbohydrate Research, 2015, 407,26-33.

[39] X.Bai,D.Li,J.Zhu,Y.Guan,Q.Zhang,L.Chi*,From individual proteins to proteomic samples: characterization of O-glycosylation sites in human chorionic gonadotropin and human-plasma proteins. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2015, 407,1857-1869.

[40] X.Sun,L.Li,K. H.Overdier,L. A.Ammons,I. S.Douglas,C. C.Burlew,F.Zhang,E. P.Schmidt,L.Chi,R. J.Linhardt*,Analysis of Total Human Urinary Glycosaminoglycan Disaccharides by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry,Analytical Chemistry, 2015,87,6220-6227.

[41] X.Xu,D.Bi,C.Li,W.Fang,R.Zhou,S.Li,L.Chi,M.Wan,L.Shen*, Morphological and proteomic analyses reveal that unsaturated guluronate oligosaccharide modulates multiple functional pathways in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells.Marine Drugs, 2015, 13, 1798-1818.

[42] D. Li, L. Chi, L. Jin, X. Xu, X. Du, S. Ji,L. Chi*, Mapping of low molecular weight heparins using reversed phase ion pair liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,Carbohydrate Polymers, 2014, 99, 339-344.

[43] Z. Wang, D. Li, X. Sun, X. Bai, L. Jin,L. Chi*, Liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for compositional analysis of low molecular weight heparins,Analytical Biochemistry, 2014, 451,35-41.

[44] X. Xu, D. Bi, X. Wu, Q. Wang, G. Wei,L. Chi, Z. Jiang, T. Oda, M. Wan*, Unsaturated guluronate oligosaccharide (GOS) enhances the antibacterial activities of macrophages, The FASEB Journal, 2014,28, 2645-2654.

[45] X. Bai, Z. Wang, C. Huang, Z. Wang*,L. Chi*, Investigation of non-enzymatic glycosylation of human serum albumin using ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry,Molecules, 2012, 17, 8782-94.

[46] L. Gao, F. Gao, L. Wang, C. Geng,L. Chi, J. Zhao, Y. Qu*, N-glycoform diversity of cellobiohydrolase I from Penicillium decumbens and synergism of nonhydrolytic glycoform in cellulose degradation, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2012, 287, 15906-15.

[47] J. P. Skinner,L. Chi, P. F. Ozeata, C. S. Ramsay, R. L. O'Hara, B. B. Calfin, S. Y. Tetin*, Introduction of the mass spread function for characterization of protein conjugates,Analytical Chemistry, 2012, 84, 1172-1177.

[48] Y. Wang, Z. Lu, F. Feng, W. Zhu, H. Guang, J. Liu, W. He,L. Chi*, Z. Li, H. Yu*, Molecular cloning and characterization of novel cathelicidin-derived myeloid antimicrobial peptide from Phasianus colchicus,Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 2011, 35, 314-322.

[49] L. Chi, J. Wolff, T. Laremore, O. Restaino, J. Xie, C. Schiraldi, T. Toida, J. Amster, R. J. Linhardt, Structural analysis of bikunin glycosaminoglycan, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2008, 130, 2617-2625.

[50] T. Vorup-Jensen, L. Chi, L. C. Gjelstrup, U. B. Jensen, C. A. Jewett, C. Xie, M. Shimaoka, R. J. Linhardt, T.A. Springer*, Binding between the integrin alphaXbeta2 (CD 11c/CD l8) and heparin, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2007, 282, 30869-30877.

[51] J. Wolff,L. Chi, R. J. Linhardt, J. Amster*, Distinguishing glucuronic from iduronic acid in glycosaminoglycan tetrasaccharides by using electron detachment dissociation,Analytical Chemistry, 2007, 79, 2015-2022.

[52] J. Wolff, J. Amster*,L. Chi, R. J. Linhardt, Electron detachment dissociation of fragmentation of glycosaminoglycan tetrasaccharides,Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 2007, 18, 234-244.

[53] J. C. Krupa, D. Shaya,L. Chi, R. J. Linhardt, M. Cygler, S. G. Withers, J. S. Mort*, Quantitative continuous assay for hyaluronan synthase,Analytical Biochemistry, 2007, 361, 218-255.

[54] S.A. Mousa*, F. Zhang, A. Ajada, S. Chaturvedi, M. Takieddin, H. Zhang,L. Chi, M. C. Castelli, K. Friedman, M. M. Goldberg, R. J. Linhardt, Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral heparin solid dosage form in healthy human subjects,The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 2007, 47, 1508-1520.

[55] L. Chi, E. M. Munoz, H. S. Choi, Y. W. Ha, Y. S. Kim, T. Toida, R. J. Linhardt*, Preparation and structural determination of large oligosaccharides derived from acharan sulfate,Carbohydrate Research, 2006, 341, 864-869.

[56] F. Zhang, P. Sun, E. M. Munoz,L. Chi, S. Sakai, T. Toida, R. J. Linhardt*, Microscale isolation and analysis of heparin from plasma using an anion exchange spin column,Analytical Biochemistry, 2006, 353, 284-286.

[57] L. Chi, J. Amster, R. J. Linhardt*, Mass spectrometry for the analysis of highly charged sulfated carbohydrates,Current Analytical Chemistry, 2005, 1, 223-240.

M. Warda, E. M. Gouda, T. Toida,L. Chi, R. J. Linhardt*, Isolation and characterization of raw heparin from dromedary intestine: evaluation of a new source of pharmaceutical heparin,Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C, 2003, 136C, 357-365.

Honors and Awards

Zhang Shuzheng Glycoscience Award, Yong Scientist Award, 2017.

Zhang Tianmin Carbohydrate Drugs Award, Outstanding Youth Award, 2020.

Patents

A comprehensive identification and quantitation method for basic building blocks of low molecular weight heparin using hydrophilic interaction chromatography tandem multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry，PCT/CN2017/074966, US10416132B2.

PIGF-1 Assay and Kits and Components Thereof, WO2009155324 A2.